Gross domestic product (GDP) of Europe's largest economies from 1990 to 2030 (in trillion U.S. dollars)

Since 1990, Europe's largest economies have consistently been France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, although the former Soviet Union's economy was the largest in the 1980s, and Russia's economy has been larger than Spain's since 2010. Since Soviet dissolution, Germany has always had the largest economy in Europe, while either France or the UK has had the second largest economy, depending on the year. Italy's economy was of a relatively similar size to that of the UK and France until the mid-2000s, when it started to diverge, resulting in a difference of approximately 800 billion U.S. dollars by 2018. Russia's economy had overtaken both Italy's and Spain's in 2012 but has fallen since 2014 due to the decline in international oil prices and the economic sanctions imposed for its annexation of Crimea - economic growth is expected to be comparatively low in Russia in the coming years due to the economic fallout of its invasion of Ukraine in 2022.