In 2024, the construction of nine nuclear reactors began worldwide, a decrease from constructions initiated two years prior. During the period in consideration, figures peaked in the 1970s, when they reached a record of in 1976. Despite the reduction in yearly construction projects, by 2025 there were operational nuclear reactors worldwide.
Global nuclear energy reactor landscape
The nuclear industry has experienced notable changes in recent years. Although the United States maintained its position as the leading country in terms of operational reactors, the focus of new construction has shifted eastward, with China spearheading development efforts. As of June 2025, China had the largest number of nuclear reactors under construction, while the U.S. had none.
Future nuclear energy outlook and challenges
As the global nuclear fleet ages, with the average reactor age being over years in 2024, the industry faces challenges in the years going forward. The construction of new reactors remains crucial for the industry's future. However, the extended construction times of nuclear reactors, averaging around seven years but often longer in the decade ending in 2023, present significant hurdles. The industry must balance the need for thorough planning, safety measures, and cost management with the pressure to bring new capacity online efficiently.