Critical Race Theory

Anti-CRT Measures Adopted by 28 U.S. States

More than half of U.S. states have passed measures against the teaching of critical race theory - for example in schools or government employee trainings. Another dozen have seen successful initiatives on a smaller scale, with single cities, counties or school districts (or both) establishing such laws and directives. This is according to a tracking project at the University of California Los Angeles law school.

Almost all states that haven't yet passed any such measures have seen them proposed on the state level, the exceptions being California, Vermont and Delaware. In California, however, several school districts have already decided to prohibit or limit the teaching of critical race theory, including in Orange county and Paso Robles. A few states with no finalized laws or directives on any level remain: They are Illinois, Nevada, Vermont, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey and Hawaii.

The newly released report State of Black America by the National Urban League identifies 567 anti-CRT laws introduced in the U.S. In the opinion of the report, the limitation on CRT are limiting the civil rights of Americans, including Black Americans. Critical Race Theory is a framework that sees race not mainly as a biological factor, but as a social construct and sees racism not only as an individual's biases but as embedded in society.

Description

This chart shows anti-Critical Race Theory measures adopted in the U.S. (as of April 2023).

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Legal action taken to restrict teaching critical race theory or limit how teachers can discuss racism, sexism, and systemic inequality in the United States from 2021 to 2025, by state
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Number of states with mandated hate crime training for law enforcement in the United States in 2023, by type of law
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Number of hate crime offenses in the United States in 2024, by state
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Share of adults who believe various race-related curricula should be taught in K-12 schools in the United States in 2023, by race and ethnicity
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Number of anti-transgender bills that were considered each year in the United States from 2015 to 2024, by category
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