Defense

The EU's Biggest Standing Armies

The foreign and defense secretaries of 23 EU countries (out of 28 in total) agreed on Monday to take further steps towards forming a European defense force. Five countries opted out: The United Kingdom (that's is leaving the EU), Denmark, Ireland, Portugal and Malta. The defense union has been on the agenda for a long time and is called the Permanent Structured Cooperation, or PESCO.

This chart shows the EU countries with the largest standing armies, according to data provided by GlobalFirePower.com. It counts in all active military personnel, so-called "ready-to-fight" elements, but not civilian employees or reservists. Italy has the biggest standing army, counting 248,000 Soldiers, followed by France and Germany.

Description

This chart shows the top ten armed forces in the EU by number of active military personnel (in 1,000)

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Total annual military personnel in the European Union from 1985 to 2020, by member state
Number of active forces and reservists in the armed forces of European countries in 2025
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Largest armies in the world ranked by active military personnel as of May 2026 (in 1,000s)
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Total expenditure on defense in the European Union in 2024, by member state (in million euros)
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Number of military personnel in the EU from 1985 to 2020 (in millions)
Number of combat aircraft in the armed forces of European countries in 2025

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